Regular exercise protects muscle tissue and is associated with a lower risk of cancer; an effect that becomes increasingly important with age, when the risks of type 2 diabetes, cancer, and sarcopenia (the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength) rise in parallel. In an aging population increasingly affected by insulin resistance, sarcopenia can lead to frailty, loss of independence, and an increased risk of mortality. However, how exercise protects muscle tissue while also reducing cancer risk remains poorly understood at the molecular level.
Myokines: How muscles communicate with the body
This is where skeletal muscle comes in. Far more than an organ of movement, skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that lies at the heart of MYOSCAN. It communicates with other organs through messenger molecules known as myokines, thereby influencing metabolism, immune function, inflammation and numerous other processes throughout the body. Exercise alters the release of these messengers and thereby contributes to their health-promoting effects. Conversely, as muscle mass and function decline, this communication becomes dysregulated. It is suspected that weakened muscle releases signals that promote chronic inflammation, which may in turn contribute to the development of cancer.
“This is precisely where MYOSCAN begins. We are systematically investigating which myokines skeletal muscle releases in response to exercise and age-related muscle loss,” explains Dr. Melanie Mittenbühler, head of the Junior Research Group Crosstalk at the German Diabetes Center (DDZ). 4,807 researchers applied for an ERC Starting Grant in this funding round, but only around one in every 11 applicants will receive funding from the European Research Council in this period. With the grant, Melanie Mittenbühler will be able to expand her research group by three new team members.
For their investigations, the team uses a state-of-the-art approach to analyze the extracellular fluids of skeletal muscle. “This enables us to determine which proteins are released by trained and therefore healthy muscle compared with muscle weakened by age. Our aim is to identify new myokines, particularly those that promote or inhibit cancer growth,” says Mittenbühler. While it is well established that cancer can cause muscle wasting, a condition known as cachexia, it remains unclear whether sarcopenic muscle can, conversely, promote the development of cancer.
The research project is of central importance for diabetes research, emphasizes Prof. Michael Roden, Scientific Director and Spokesman of the Board of the DDZ as well as Director of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology at University Hospital Düsseldorf. “Skeletal muscle plays a key role in glucose metabolism. Insights into how muscle cells communicate with other organs can provide new starting points for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and other age-related diseases. The ERC Starting Grant emphasizes the scientific relevance of Dr. Melanie Mittenbühler's research.”
MYOSCAN could also be highly relevant in the context of so-called weight-loss injections: GLP-1 medications improve blood glucose control and promote weight loss, but they may also be accompanied by a reduction in muscle mass; an effect that is particularly difficult to reverse in older patients. Whether this muscle loss, combined with sarcopenia, further promotes cancer risk remains unknown.
About the ERC Starting Grant
The ERC Starting Grant supports talented early-career researchers following their doctorate and is among Europe's most prestigious and highly competitive funding programs. Through it, the European Research Council supports excellent frontier research with high potential for significant scientific discoveries.
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The German Diabetes Center (DDZ) serves as the German reference center for diabetes. Its objective is to contribute to the improvement of prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus. At the same time, the research center aims at improving the epidemiological data situation in Germany. The DDZ coordinates the multicenter German Diabetes Study and is a point of contact for all players in the health sector. In addition, it prepares scientific information on diabetes mellitus and makes it available to the public. The DDZ is part of the Leibniz Association (Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, WGL) and is a partner of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.). www.ddz.de/en
The German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) is a national association that brings together experts in the field of diabetes research and combines basic research, translational research, epidemiology and clinical applications. The aim is to develop novel strategies for personalized prevention and treatment of diabetes. Members are Helmholtz Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health, the German Diabetes Center in Düsseldorf, the German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbrücke, the Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Munich at the University Medical Center Carl Gustav Carus of the TU Dresden and the Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen together with associated partners at the Universities in Heidelberg, Cologne, Leipzig, Lübeck and Munich. www.dzd-ev.de/en
